Received:09-Sep-20121接受日期：Sep 23, 2021;Published:30-Sep-2021

引用：Mishra DP。对全球变暖和能源危机的补救措施。J Environ Chem Toxicol 2021; 5（5）：1。

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Short Commentary

We are living in an era of tremendous technological innovation, development, and prosperity, all of which are fuelled by energy. Since the 1860s, the industrial revolution and exponential urbanisation have resulted in a huge increase in carbonaceous emissions into the atmosphere, which has contributed to the majority of the unprecedented global warming over the previous decade. Smog hanging over cities is the most visible and well-known kind of air pollution that has become a common occurrence.

As a result, CO2 accumulated as carbohydrates by photosynthesis over millions of years is being restored to the atmosphere at an alarming rate. These activities have had a significant influence on the natural carbon cycle, which is no longer sufficient to maintain the carbon balance throughout the many environmental sectors. The concentration of CO2 in the Earth’s atmosphere is rising dramatically faster than at any other time in Earth’s history, and this phenomenon is projected to have a significant impact on the Earth’s climate as well as human civilization. As a result, it is correctly predicted that the oil era would end long before the Earth runs out of oil, due to emission restrictions governing the use of fossil fuels. CO2 emissions come from a variety of sources, which can be classed as fixed, mobile, or natural. The power production and manufacturing sectors provide the majority of CO2 emissions to the environment.

The flue gas stream from coal and natural gas power generation consists mostly of gases such as nitrogen, CO2, water vapour, oxygen, soot, CO, nitrogen oxides, and sulphur oxide. Such activities have pushed enough CO2 into the atmosphere during the last 150 years to drive the atmospheric CO2 level above the lethal 400 ppm line. Due to the presence of water vapour and all contaminants, which are likely to decompose/poison most catalysts and reduce the efficiency of CO2 conversion, no conventional methods have been established to successfully convert CO2 from these streams. To combat global warming, a number of actions must be implemented, ranging from private houses to large-scale enterprises. The “carbon footprint” (the amount of CO2 a person is responsible for releasing into the environment) can be reduced on a personal level by engaging in activities such as driving and flying less, recycling, using energy-efficient equipment, and so on.

为了应对更大范围的全球变暖的威胁，政府正在采取措施控制二氧化碳和其他温室气体排放。巴黎会议，也称为COP21是框架大会的年度会议（COP）的年度会议。Climate Change联合国（UNFCC）。在COP21期间，来自118个国家的政策专业人士，科学家和气候经济学自愿同意采取行动。解决气候变化的目的是将后工业世界温度升高到摄氏2摄氏度。另一种方法是对碳排放税征税或提高汽油税，以便个人和企业更有动力来节省能源和污染。

EPA（美国Environmental Protection代理商）制定了许多被称为“清洁电源计划”的法律，以限制电力设施的碳排放。2015年，美国奥巴马政府制定了一项计划，以减少电力生产商的二氧化碳排放。其他一些政府试图实施一系列全面的气候解决方案，例如增加可再生能源的使用，提高车辆燃油效率，在基本科学和翻译技术的帮助下发展清洁能源经济，从而限制了碳排放，从而限制了碳排放税收，减少热带森林砍伐等。

尽管上述大型和/或小规模措施可以帮助控制污染，但它们不足以解决指数城市化引起的问题。除了所有这些措施之外，科学界已经在努力通过收集和隔离等技术来调节多余的二氧化碳。但是，由于二氧化碳捕获或隔离中的饱和度/永久性限制，这些技术具有重大局限性。结果，不阻碍工业扩张和城市化的最终解决方案是将CO2的有效转化为燃料，化学原料，混凝土，家用物品以及我们日常生活中可能使用的任何其他物品。